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Preamble and Evolution of the Indian Constitution: Key Questions Answered
The Indian Constitution is a remarkable document that lays the foundation of the world’s largest democracy. Its evolution is a fascinating journey influenced by historical events, colonial rule, and visionary leaders. Below are some key questions and answers about the preamble and the evolution of the Indian Constitution.
1. Who is the person fondly known as the Chief Architect of the Indian Constitution?
Answer: Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
2. First attempt in the world to constitute a Constituent Assembly to frame a Constitution was made by?
Answer: America
3. The first attempt by Indians to write a Constitution for India was done by a Committee headed by Motilal Nehru, known as?
Answer: Nehru Report
4. The idea of the Constitution of India was flashed for the first time by?
Answer: M. N. Roy
5. The plan of setting up a Constituent Assembly to draw up the future Constitution for India was given by?
Answer: The Cabinet Mission Plan
6. The members of the Constituent Assembly were?
Answer: Elected by Provincial Assemblies
7. Which of the following words was added to the Preamble of the Constitution by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?
Answer: Socialist
8. From which Constitution was the concept of a 5-year plan borrowed into our Constitution?
Answer: USSR
9. The procedure of Amendment to the Constitution is borrowed from the Constitution of?
Answer: South Africa
10. Which country is the best example for Federal and Unitary Governments?
Answer: America (Federal) and Britain (Unitary)
11. Which of the following is not a Democratic Institution of the Rig Vedic era?
Answer: Grama
12. During Medieval India, which kings first established ‘Local Self Government’?
Answer: Cholas
13. The East India Company was established in the year?
Answer: 1600
14. Which Charter empowered the British Governors of Presidencies to make Bye-Laws, Rules, and Regulations in conformity with British laws?
Answer: Charter of 1726
15. Who started Dual Government in Bengal?
Answer: Robert Clive
16. Who was the first Governor General of Bengal?
Answer: Warren Hastings
17. Which is the first written document in the Constitutional History of India?
Answer: The Regulating Act, 1773
18. Which Act created for the first time in India the ‘Government of India’?
Answer: Charter Act of 1833
19. Which Act created for the first time ‘The Supreme Court’?
Answer: The Regulating Act, 1773
20. The First Law Commission was appointed in India for codification of laws under the Chairmanship of?
Answer: Lord Macaulay
21. Which Act made the beginning of a Parliamentary System in India?
Answer: Charter Act of 1853
22. Under which of the following Acts did the Crown of England take the affairs of the Government of India into its own hands?
Answer: Government of India Act, 1858
Historical Background & Colonial Era
23. The Governor General of India was also the representative of the British Crown to Princely States in India and hence was known as?
Answer: Viceroy of India
24. Which Act for the first time gave an opportunity for Indians to enter into the sphere of Legislature?
Answer: Indian Councils Act, 1861
25. Which Act made the beginning of the Electoral System in India?
Answer: Government of India Act, 1858
26. Which Act made the Indian Legislature Bi-cameral for the first time?
Answer: Government of India Act, 1919
27. The famous Dandi March led by Gandhiji was against?
Answer: Salt Tax
28. Which proposal was referred to as a ‘Post-Dated Cheque’?
Answer: The Cripps Proposal
29. Indian National Congress started the ‘Quit India Movement’ after the failure of?
Answer: Cripps Mission
30. Gandhiji gave a call to all Indians ‘Do or Die’, which is popularly known as?
Answer: Quit India Movement
31. Which Plan rejected the demand for an independent Pakistan?
Answer: Cabinet Mission Plan
32. Partition of British India into two independent nations (India and Pakistan) was done according to?
Answer: Mountbatten Plan
Constitutional Developments & Features
33. The Federal features of the Indian Government were introduced by?
Answer: Government of India Act, 1935
34. Which feature was borrowed by the Indian Constitution from the British Constitution?
Answer: Law-making procedure, Parliamentary System of Government, Rule of Law
35. The Constitution supports?
Answer: Rule of Law
36. In Britain, Parliament is supreme; accordingly, which among the following is supreme in India?
Answer: Constitution
37. The Government of India Act, 1935 provided for?
Answer: Establishment of Federal Court, Diarchy at Center, Provincial Autonomy
38. The Act of 1935 abolished?
Answer: Diarchy in the Provinces
Constituent Assembly & Framing of the Constitution
39. The Constitution of India was enacted by a Constituent Assembly set up under?
Answer: The Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946
40. The Constituent Assembly of India was created as per the proposal of?
Answer: Cabinet Mission
41. In which year did the Cripps Mission come to India?
Answer: 1942
42. The Constituent Assembly set up under the Cabinet Mission Plan had a strength of?
Answer: 389
43. The strength of the Constituent Assembly, after the withdrawal of the Muslim League, was reduced to?
Answer: 299
44. How many Committees were set up by the Constituent Assembly for framing the Constitution?
Answer: 13
Constitutional Advisors & Early Demands
45. Who acted as the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly?
Answer: B. N. Rau
46. Demand for a Constitution framed by a Constituent Assembly was made by?
Answer: Gandhiji
47. The idea of a Constituent Assembly to frame a Constitution for India was first mooted by?
Answer: Swaraj Party in 1928
48. Who presented the ‘Objective Resolution’ on 22.01.1947?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
49. When was the ‘Objective Resolution’ moved and adopted?
Answer: 13.12.1946 and 22.01.1947
Constituent Assembly Composition & Leadership
50. The Members of the Constituent Assembly were?
Answer: Elected by Provincial Assemblies
51. The Constituent Assembly held its first meeting on?
Answer: 09.12.1946
52. Who acted as the Provisional President of the Constituent Assembly?
Answer: Sachidananda Sinha
53. The Constituent Assembly elected on 11.12.1946 as its Permanent Chairman?
Answer: Rajendra Prasad
54. Who elected the Chairman of the Drafting Committee?
Answer: B. R. Ambedkar
55. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee to prepare a Draft Constitution was?
Answer: B. R. Ambedkar
56. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar is associated with?
Answer: Chairman-Drafting Committee
57. Who among the following was a member of the Drafting Committee?
Answer: Ambedkar, Gopalachari Ayyangar, Alladi Krishnaswami
Constitutional Borrowings & Features
58. Many Provisions in our Constitution were borrowed from?
Answer: Government of India Act, 1919
59. The Government of India Act 1919 introduced ‘Diarchy’ in provinces, meaning?
Answer: Double government
60. When was the Constituent Assembly established?
Answer: 06.12.1946
61. The Constitution was adopted on?
Answer: 26.11.1949
62. The Constitution came into force on?
Answer: 26.01.1950
63. The Constitution contains (Articles, Parts, Schedules)?
Answer: 444, 24, 12
64. Time taken to prepare the Constitution?
Answer: 2 years, 11 months, 18 days
65. Who first proposed the idea of a Constitution for India?
Answer: M. N. Roy
66. The Indian Constitution is?
Answer: Written and bulky document
67. A Constitution framed by people’s representatives is called?
Answer: Written Constitution
Nature of the Indian Constitution
68. Constitution which provides for a series of semi-autonomous states joined together as a nation is?
Answer: Federal Constitution
69. Centralization of power is an important feature in?
Answer: Federal Constitution
70. The Constitution which can be amended by simple act of the legislature is known as?
Answer: Flexible Constitution
71. Which provisions of the Constitution came into force soon after its adoption on 26.11.1949?
Answer: Provisional Parliament, Provisions relating to Citizenship, Elections
72. India has been described under Article 1 of the Constitution as a?
Answer: Union of States
73. The Constitution of India is?
Answer: Partly rigid and partly flexible
74. The Constitution of India describes India as?
Answer: A Union of States
75. The Indian Constitution is recognized as?
Answer: Federal in form and Unitary in spirit
76. The feature common to both Indian and American Federation is?
Answer: Supreme Court to interpret Constitution
Important Dates in Constitutional History
77. The Indian Constitution came into force on 26.01.1950, hence this day is celebrated as?
Answer: Republic Day
78. January 26th was selected as the date for the inauguration of the Constitution because?
Answer: Congress had observed it as the Independence Day in 1930
79. 26th November, 1949 is significant because?
Answer: The Constitution was adopted on this day
Constitutional Influences and Features
80. Which exercised the most profound influence on the Indian Constitution?
Answer: The Government of India Act, 1935
81. The Parliamentary system of Government in India is based on?
Answer: Great Britain
82. To whom does the People of India give the Constitution to?
Answer: Themselves
Preamble of the Constitution
83. The beginning word ‘WE’ in the Preamble refers to?
Answer: Citizens of India
84. The important test to identify the basic features of the Indian Constitution is?
Answer: Preamble
85. The Preamble to the Constitution contains?
Answer: Fraternity, Democratic, Sovereignty
86. The expression “Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic” occurs in?
Answer: Preamble
87. The Preamble declares India as?
Answer: Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
88. The Preamble has been amended so far?
Answer: Once
89. The Preamble was amended by?
Answer: 42nd Amendment, 1976
90. ‘Fraternity’ means?
Answer: Spirit of brotherhood
91. The words ‘Socialist Secular’ were?
Answer: Added by the 42nd Amendment
92. ‘Liberty’ in our Preamble does not include Freedom of?
Answer: Action
93. Which is an aid to the Statutory Interpretation?
Answer: Preamble
Preamble and Constitutional Foundations
- Which is the key to understanding the minds of the Constitution makers?
Answer: Preamble - If the Head of State is an elected functionary for a fixed term, it is known as?
Answer: Republic State - The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is borrowed from?
Answer: Objective Resolution - Objective Resolution was silent about which concept that was later inserted into the Preamble?
Answer: Democratic - Universal Adult Franchise shows that India is a __ country?
Answer: Democratic - Who proposed the Preamble before the Drafting Committee?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru - The Preamble of our Constitution reads?
Answer: “We, the people of India in our Constituent Assembly adopt, enact and give to ourselves this Constitution”
Nature of Indian Republic
- India is called a ‘Republic’ because?
Answer: The Head of State (President) is elected for a fixed period - ‘Sovereignty’ in a democracy rests with?
Answer: The People - The Preamble secures Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity to?
Answer: All citizens - The Preamble indicates?
Answer: The source of the Indian Constitution - Which is NOT an objective enshrined in the Preamble?
Answer: Secure shelter and proper livelihood to all
Historical Influences
- The idea of social, economic and political justice comes from?
Answer: French Revolution - The concept of equality and fraternity comes from?
Answer: Russian Revolution - Which is described as the ‘Soul of the Constitution’?
Answer: Preamble - Which is NOT treated as part of the Constitution?
Answer: Fundamental Duties
Democratic Principles
- Indian democracy rests on?
Answer: People’s right to choose and change government - The word ‘Democracy’ is derived from Greek words?
Answer: Demos (people) and Kratos (power) - India opted for Federal government because of?
Answer: Linguistic and Regional Diversity - The chief source of political power in India is?
Answer: The People
Constitutional Features
- A Flexible Constitution?
Answer: Can be amended easily - The Judiciary acts as guardian of the Constitution in?
Answer: Federal government - India is a Secular State because?
Answer: It is described so in the Preamble - The emphasis on social, economic and political justice aims to create a?
Answer: Welfare State
Nature of the Modern Indian State
- Modern States are generally considered as?
Answer: Welfare States - A State which does not promote or interfere in religious affairs is called?
Answer: Secular - The Constitution is a?
Answer: Dynamic Law - The Constitution of India provides?
Answer: Single citizenship - The Constitution provides?
Answer: Powers, Responsibilities, Limitations - The fundamental organs of the State are established by?
Answer: Constitution
Citizenship Provisions
- Detailed provisions regarding citizenship are contained in?
Answer: Act passed by Parliament in 1955 - Which is NOT a condition for becoming an Indian citizen?
Answer: Acquiring property - A person can lose citizenship through?
Answer: Deprivation, Termination, and Renunciation
Constitutional Framework
- The aims and objectives of the Constitution are enshrined in?
Answer: The Preamble - The Office of Governor General was first created under?
Answer: Regulating Act, 1773 - According to the Act of 1858, the territory was divided into?
Answer: Provinces - When did the British Crown assume sovereignty from East India Company?
Answer: 1858
Constitutional Reforms
- Morley-Minto Reforms were implemented by?
Answer: Indian Councils Act, 1909 - Which Act is also known as the Act of 1919?
Answer: Montague-Chelmsford Reform Act - Under which Act was Provincial Autonomy introduced?
Answer: Government of India Act, 1935
Constituent Assembly
- Who made the Constitution of India?
Answer: The Constituent Assembly - A Constituent Assembly is convened to?
Answer: Frame the Constitution - The Constituent Assembly was set up under?
Answer: Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 - Which party was NOT associated with the Constituent Assembly?
Answer: The Communist Party
Constitutional Principles
- The Republic of India established by the Constitution is?
Answer: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular - The mind and ideals of the framers are reflected in?
Answer: Preamble - What type of justice is NOT given to citizens?
Answer: Technical
Miscellaneous Provisions
- The Five-year Plan (2002-2007) was?
Answer: 10th (Note: Actual 11th Plan was 2007-2012) - ‘Amend’ means?
Answer: Remove the difficulties - ‘Enact’ means?
Answer: Pass a law - Who advocated ‘Grama Swarajya’ for village growth?
Answer: Gandhiji
Indian Independence Movement & Constitutional Provisions
- ‘Poornaswarajya’ was declared as the goal of the Congress in December 1929 at?
Answer: Lahore Session - Our Constitution prohibits?
Answer: Untouchability - The Constitution declared India as a Republic on?
Answer: 26.01.1950 - Who said: “Democracy means a Government of the people, by the people and for the people”?
Answer: Abraham Lincoln - Which feature was borrowed from the US Constitution?
Answer: Removal of Judges of the Supreme Court, Judicial Review, Fundamental Rights - The ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in the Preamble were inspired by?
Answer: The French Revolution
Federal Structure & Political System
- The chief source of political power in India is?
Answer: The People - The Constitution describes India as?
Answer: India i.e., Bharat - India is described as?
Answer: Union of States - Who played a vital role in integrating Princely States?
Answer: Sardar Patel and V. P. Menon - States were reorganized on linguistic basis in?
Answer: 1956 - Which was the first linguistic State of India?
Answer: Andhra Pradesh - The Indian Federal system is modeled on?
Answer: Canada - India is a Parliamentary Democracy because?
Answer: Executive is responsible to the Parliament - India is considered federal because?
Answer: Power is shared between Center and States
Judicial Pronouncements & Schedules
- In which case did the Supreme Court declare the Preamble as part of the Constitution?
Answer: Keshavananda Bharti Case - In which case did the Supreme Court hold that the Preamble was not part of the Constitution?
Answer: Berubari Case - The Ninth Schedule was added by?
Answer: 1st Amendment - Which Schedule details State and UT boundaries?
Answer: I - Salaries of President, Vice President, etc., are specified in?
Answer: Schedule II - Which Schedule contains the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists?
Answer: VII - The Indian Constitution includes?
Answer: Three lists: Union, State, and Concurrent - Correct statement about the Constitution?
Answer: Rule of Law is a basic feature that cannot be amended under Article 368
Key Takeaways
- The Indian Constitution blends federal and unitary features.
- Its Preamble reflects the ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
- Landmark cases like Keshavananda Bharti shaped constitutional interpretation.
- Schedules provide critical details on governance, lists, and administration.
Here’s the final section of your comprehensive WordPress blog post on the Indian Constitution:
Constitutional Provisions & Special Cases
- Disputes relating to waters are solved by?
Answer: Parliament (Article 262) - Which part declares India as a Secular State?
Answer: Preamble of the Constitution - How is a new State formed?
Answer: Constitutional Amendment - The final interpreter of the Indian Constitution is?
Answer: Supreme Court - Every Constitutional Amendment must be approved by?
Answer: Parliament - Which State had a separate Constitution?
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir (prior to 2019) - Besides J&K, which State has special protections?
Answer: Nagaland - Article 356 deals with?
Answer: Proclamation of President’s Rule in a State - J&K’s special status was under?
Answer: Article 370 (abrogated in 2019) - J&K’s Constitution was framed by?
Answer: A special Constituent Assembly of the State - J&K Constitution came into force on?
Answer: 26.01.1957 - J&K’s special status meant it had?
Answer: Separate Constitution - Amendments applied to J&K only after?
Answer: President’s order under Article 370
Parliamentary System & Amendments
- In a Parliamentary system?
Answer: Cabinet is collectively responsible to Legislature - Who can initiate Constitutional Amendment Bills?
Answer: Either House of Parliament - Parliament’s amendment power includes?
Answer: Addition, variation or repeal of provisions - Which Article governs Constitutional Amendments?
Answer: 368 - Ninth Schedule was added via?
Answer: 1st Amendment (1951) - Tenth Schedule contains?
Answer: Anti-defection law provisions
Historical Figures & Slogans
- First called Gandhiji “Father of the Nation”?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose (1944) - Coined “Jai Hind”?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose - Who framed India’s Constitution?
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (as Chairman of Drafting Committee) - Whose slogan was “Tell the slave he is a slave and he will revolt”?
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Key Figures in India’s Freedom Struggle & Constitution
- Who said: “Those who attack Congress and spare Nehru are fools…”?
Answer: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar - What was Ambedkar’s house in Bombay called?
Answer: Rajagriha - The Indian Constitution is?
Answer: Wholly written - Characteristics of the Indian Constitution?
Answer: Lengthy, Written - On the eve of Quit India Movement, Gandhi?
(Question incomplete – likely refers to his “Do or Die” speech on August 8, 1942) - Homespun Movement and Salt March exemplified?
Answer: Non-violent protest - Memorable landmark year in Freedom Struggle?
Answer: 1921 (Non-Cooperation Movement launched) - First War of Independence occurred in?
Answer: 1857 - Gandhiji edited?
Answer: Young India - Who was NOT a Constituent Assembly member?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi
Freedom Fighters & Political Movements
- Who was NOT on 1912 Royal Commission?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Who preached self-help through ‘Kesari’?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Tilak’s newspaper for Freedom Struggle?
Answer: Kesari - Cabinet Mission was headed by?
Answer: Lord Pethick-Lawrence - Congress ministry NOT formed in?
Answer: Punjab (under 1935 Act)
Congress Sessions & Key Resolutions
- 1929 Lahore Session President (Purna Swaraj resolution)?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru - Unity between Congress-Muslim League (Lucknow Pact) occurred in?
Answer: 1916 - Civil Disobedience authorized at?
Answer: Lahore Session - 1929 Lahore Session President?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru - Who drafted 1931 Karachi Resolution on Fundamental Rights?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru - Chairman of Union Constitution Committee?
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
Modern Indian History & Key Events
- Who remarked that the Constitution should adapt to changing needs?
Answer: Rajiv Gandhi - ‘Vande Mataram’ was first sung at INC session in?
Answer: 1896 - Nehru’s ‘Tryst with Destiny’ speech marked?
Answer: India’s Independence (August 15, 1947) - 75th anniversary celebrated for which movement?
Answer: Quit India Movement (1942) - Principles of ‘Panchsheel’ include?
Answer: Non-interference, Non-aggression, Respect for sovereignty - India-China Panchsheel Agreement signed in?
Answer: 1954 - Panchsheel signed between?
Answer: Nehru and Zhou Enlai - Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed in?
Answer: March 1931 - Who coined ‘Non-Alignment’?
Answer: V.K. Krishna Menon
Colonial Era & Partition
- Who repealed Vernacular Press Act?
Answer: Lord Ripon (1882) - Assigned to partition India in 1947?
Answer: Sir Cyril Radcliffe - British founder of INC?
Answer: A.O. Hume (1885)
Subhash Chandra Bose & INA
- Andaman Islands renamed by Bose as?
Answer: Shaheed & Swaraj - Party founded by Bose in 1939?
Answer: Forward Bloc - Indian National Army founded by?
Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose - INA reorganized in?
Answer: 1943, Singapore - INA women’s regiment called?
Answer: Rani Jhansi Regiment - INA surrendered after fall of?
Answer: Japan (1945)
Freedom Struggle Milestones
- Who defined Swaraj as complete independence?
Answer: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Bardoli Satyagraha leader?
Answer: Vallabhbhai Patel (1928) - Indian Independence Bill passed on?
Answer: July 1, 1947
Key Takeaways
- Constitutional Vision: Rajiv Gandhi emphasized adaptability (Q212)
- Diplomacy: Panchsheel shaped India-China relations (Q216-218)
- Radical Movements: Bose’s INA and Forward Bloc represented militant nationalism
- Landmark Laws: Vernacular Press Act repeal (1882) and Independence Act (1947)
Constitutional Provisions & Historical Facts
- Article 25’s reference to Hindus excludes?
Answer: Parsees - First financial allocation for education made by?
Answer: Charter Act of 1813 - “Go Back to Vedas” was the motto of?
Answer: Swami Dayananda Saraswati (Arya Samaj) - Who became VP after serving as acting President?
Answer: Mohammed Hidayatullah (1969) - 1921 INC President imprisoned during session?
Answer: C.R. Das - Congress leaders arrested after Quit India Resolution on?
Answer: 09.08.1942 - Quit India Movement launched at?
Answer: Bombay, 08.08.1942 - Gandhi’s August 1942 movement?
Answer: Quit India Movement - Provinces where Congress formed govts post-1935 elections?
Answer: 7 - Muslim League declared Pakistan goal in (1940)?
Answer: Lahore (not Karachi)
National Symbols & Key Figures
- Only Indian ruler who died fighting British?
Answer: Tipu Sultan (1799) - First Muslim invader of India?
Answer: Muhammad bin Qasim (712 CE) - “Satyameva Jayate” source?
Answer: Mundaka Upanishad - National Flag adopted on?
Answer: 22.07.1947 - First Constitution draft prepared by?
Answer: B.N. Rau - Final draft prepared by?
Answer: S.N. Mukherjee
Constitutional Amendments & Rights
- Bombay State split into Gujarat-Maharashtra in?
Answer: 1960 - Dignity assured through?
Answer: Equal Fundamental Rights - Preamble mentions justice types?
Answer: Social, Economic, Political - Articles 19(1)(f) & 31 replaced by 300A via?
Answer: 44th Amendment (1978) - Which Article requires special amendment?
Answer: Article 15 (requires special majority under Article 368)
Key Takeaways
- Religious Provisions: Article 25’s Hindu definition excludes Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists but specifically mentions Parsees as separate (Q233)
- Landmark Laws: Charter Act 1813 began state-funded education (Q234)
- Territorial Changes: 1960 reorganization created linguistic states (Q249)
- Amendment Process: Fundamental Rights amendments require special majority (Q253)
- Event triggering Gandhiji’s first Civil Disobedience?
Answer: Rowlatt Act of 1919 - Where Gandhiji first practiced Satyagraha?
Answer: South Africa (1906) - Gandhiji’s most effective protest method?
Answer: Fasting - 1919 Satyagraha protested against?
Answer: Rowlatt Act - First Act associating Indians with administration?
Answer: Indian Councils Act, 1909 (Morley-Minto Reforms) - First legislative representation for Indians?
Answer: Indian Councils Act, 1909
Key Historical Agreements & Figures
- Dominant leader in Lucknow Pact?
Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Lucknow Pact concluded in?
Answer: December 1916 - Former British India territory (1886-1937)?
Answer: Myanmar (Burma) - Related to modern Indian education development?
Answer: Macaulay’s Resolution of 1835 - British negotiator for Treaty of Amritsar?
Answer: Charles T. Metcalfe (1809) - Governor General during 1857 Revolt?
Answer: Lord Canning - First woman UNGA President?
Answer: Vijayalakshmi Pandit (1953)
Legal Provisions & Constitutional Doctrine
- Tort definition in Limitation Act?
Answer: Section 2(m) - Origin of Basic Structure doctrine?
Answer: Golak Nath vs State of Punjab (1967) – CJ Subba Rao’s judgment - Purpose of Ilbert Bill?
Answer: Allow Indian judges to try Europeans (1883) - State liability for servants’ wrongs?
Answer: Same as East India Company pre-1858 (Kasturi Lal case) - Amendment for new State creation requires?
Answer: Simple parliamentary majority
Economic Planning & Constitutional Metaphors
- Mahalanobis Model emphasized?
Answer: Heavy Industries (Second Five-Year Plan) - How Constitution was criticized?
(Question incomplete – likely refers to being called “lengthy” or “borrowed”) - Preamble described as?
Answer: ‘Indian Political Horoscope’ - Who called Preamble a ‘Political Horoscope’?
Answer: K.M. Munshi
Secularism & Constitutional Principles
- Meaning of India as ‘Secular State’?
Answer: State remains neutral in religious matters (neither promotes nor interferes) - Where is Economic Justice mentioned?
Answer: Preamble (“Justice – social, economic, political”) and Directive Principles (Article 38) - Sovereign power resides with?
Answer: The People (as stated in Preamble) - Founded Home Rule League?
Answer: Annie Besant (1916)
Social Reforms & Historical Events
- First school for untouchables established by?
Answer: Jyotirao Phule (1848, Pune – ‘Satya Shodhak Samaj’) - Untouchability abolished in?
Answer: 1950 (via Article 17 of Constitution) - Shimla Agreement signed during?
Answer: 1972 (Indira Gandhi and Z.A. Bhutto) - First visible constitutional effect?
Answer: Integration/Disappearance of Princely States (1947-50)
Governance & Linguistic Reorganization
- India’s system of government?
Answer: Cabinet system (Parliamentary democracy) - Kashmiri as official language?
Answer: Not official in any state (Though spoken in J&K, Urdu is the official language) - States reorganized linguistically in?
Answer: 1956 (States Reorganization Act) - ‘Lal’ in Lal-Bal-Pal trio?
Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai
Federal Structure & Transition to Republic
- Why ‘Quasi-Federal’?
Answer: Combines federal features with unitary bias (Single judiciary, strong Centre, etc.) - First Indian Governor-General after Mountbatten?
Answer: C. Rajagopalachari (June 1948 – January 1950)