PSEB CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY LESSON 3 WATER RESOURCES ANSWER

PSEB CLAAS 10 GEOGRAPHY LESSON 3 WATER RESOURCES ANSWER

INTRODUCTIIN

In Lesson 3 of PSEB Class 10 Geography, students delve into the topic of water resources. This lesson aims to familiarize students with the importance of water as a vital resource for human life and the various ways in which it is used. The lesson explores different sources of water such as rivers, lakes, groundwater, and glaciers, and discusses the distribution and availability of water resources in India. It also highlights the challenges associated with water scarcity, pollution, and the need for sustainable management of water resources. Through this lesson, students gain a better understanding of the significance of water resources and the importance of conserving and managing them effectively for future generations.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

(i) Based on the information given below, tell which of the following regions are suffering
from water scarcity.

(a) Region with high annual rainfall.
(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population
(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted
(d) Both b and c

Ans. Both b and c

(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river
projects?

(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.
(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.
(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.
(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.

Ans. Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

(iii) India has ……………….. percent of the world’s renewable under resources.

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 5

Ans. 4

(iv) …………………. % water on the earth is salt water and ……………….. % is fresh water.

(a) 97, 3 (b) 95, 5 (c) 90, 10 (d) 98, 2

Ans. 97, 3

(v) Which sector uses the largest amount of fresh water?

(a) Domestic (b) Industry
(c) Agriculture (d) None of these

Ans. Agriculture

(vii) Swachh Bharat Mission-Grameen (SBM-G) was launched in:

(a) 2010 (b) 2012
(c) 2014 (d) 2016

Ans. 2014

(viii) C.W.M.I stands for:

(a) Composite Water Management Index
(b) Chattisgarh, West-Bengal, Maharashtra Interrelation
(c) Composed Water Market Index
(d) None of these

Ans. Composite Water Management Index

(vi) Match the following:

(a) Bhakra Dam (i) Mahanadi
(b) Hiradkud Dam (ii) Narmada
(c) Indira Sagar Dam (iii) Bhagirathi
(d) Tehri Dam (iv) Sutlej

Ans

.(a) Bhakra Dam ——-Sutlej
(b) Hiradkud ——–Dam Mahanadi
(c) Indira Sagar Dam ——-Narmada
(d) Tehri Dam ———–Bhagirathi

Answer the following questions in about 30 words

(i) Explain how water becomes a renewable resource.

Ans. The Earth’s water cycle is the global mechanism by which water moves from the air to the
Earth (precipitation) and eventually back to the atmosphere (evaporation). The principal natural
components of this cycle are precipitation, infiltration into the soil, runoff on the surface,
groundwater discharge to surface waters and the oceans, and evapotranspiration from water
bodies, the soil, and plants. Through this process, water becomes a renewable resource.

(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?

Ans. Water scarcity means when there is a lack of fresh water resources on the earth to meet the
demand for water or the demand cannot be met. The main causes of water scarcity are growing
population and global increase in demand for fresh water, overuse and wastage of water and
climate change.

(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.

Ans. Advantages of multi-purpose river projects:-

• Assists in conserving and managing water
• Assists in electricity generation
• Assists in agricultural works and irrigation.
• Assists in water supply for domestic and industrial use
• Assists in flood control
• Assists in inland navigation and fish breeding.

(iv) Disadvantages of Multipurpose River Projects:-

Changes in irrigation system.

Change in cropping pattern.

Environmental and climate change.

Ecological consequences like salinization in soil.

Increasing the social gap between rich landowners and landless people.

Inter-state disputes such as the Kaveri water dispute.

(iv) How water is the most important substance on the earth?

Ans. Water is one of the most important substances on earth. All plants and animals must have
water to survive. If there was no water there would be no life on earth. Apart from drinking it to
survive, people have many other uses for water. These include: cooking, washing their bodies,
washing clothes, washing cooking and eating utensils, keeping houses and communities clean,
recreation; such as swimming pools, keeping plants alive in gardens and parks. Water is also
essential for the healthy growth of farm crops and farm stock and is used in the manufacture of
many products.

(v) What is the meaning of ‘Blue Water’ and ‘Green Water’?

Ans. Green water is the water transpired by the plant which comes from the rain water stored in
the soil. Blue water is found in lakes, rivers and aquifers. Blue water is used for many purposes
including drinking water. It can be used in homes and businesses.

(vi) Write a short note on global use of water in Agriculture sector.

Ans. Water is very important for agriculture sector. It is an integral part of agriculture. The use of
water in the agricultural sector makes it possible to grow crops, fruits and vegetables and raise
livestock, which is a major part of our diet. If we talk about irrigation, 70% of fresh water is used
in irrigation works. Proper use of water is very important to increase crop yield and production.

(vii) What is a Dam?

Ans. A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often
creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.

(viii) Introduce three ways, ancient India used to store water.

• Ans: 1. During the time of Chandragupta Maurya, dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
• In the 11th Century, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time was built.
• In the 14th Century, the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by IItutmish for supplying water to Siri Fort area.

Answer the following questions in about 120 words:

(i) Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out.

Ans. The rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out through following
ways:-

• To meet the requirement of drinking water in Rajasthan, the method of ‘Rooftop Water Harvesting’ is being adopted. Rainwater is being collected on the roofs of the houses and sent to a tank.
• In arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, underground tanks are being built in every house to store water for drinking purposes.
• These tanks are being made bigger and deeper to store more water.

(ii) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being
carried out to conserve and store water.

Ans:- Rainwater is being stored in underground tanks with the help of pipes using conventional
methods like roof top rain water harvesting or in tanks built in backyards. In the state of Tamil Nadu, it is mandatory to install rainwater harvesting structure on the roof of every house. Gendathur, a city in Mawsynram, which receives an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm, 80 percent of water is conserved here. In Meghalaya, water is being conserved by using bamboo shoots as pipes for rainwater management. By collecting rainwater from open community lands, it is being stored in
artificial wells.

(iii) How multi purpose projects brought change in agriculture sector?

Ans:- Multi-purpose projects have brought changes in crop, environmental, social and political
and agriculture sector as follows:

• Cropping pattern has shifted with changes in irrigation management in multi-purpose projects.
• The farmers have shifted to water intensive and commercial crops.
• Ecological consequences like salinization of soil.
• Environmental and natural changes are occurring like soil erosion and sedimentation.
• Social gap is increasing between richer landowners and landless poor.
• Dams create conflict between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources.
• Inter-state water disputes are becoming common. Like the ‘Kaveri water dispute’ between
  Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

(iv) What is rainwater harvesting? Suggest the measures to rainwater harvesting.

Ans:- Rainwater harvesting means storing rainwater. Rainwater harvesting is being seen as a
good alternative in today’s time. Rain water conservation will greatly benefit both the society’s
economy and the environment. Rainwater harvesting can be implemented in the following ways:-

• Storage method can be adopted for water conservation in arid and semi-arid areas and water can be stored in large tanks.
• In plains, there is excess rainfall over the crop water requirement. This excess water needs to be drained. The drained water can be used for irrigation or allowed to flow in an adjoining river to enrich ground water recharge.
• In sub-hilly regions, water harvesting of rainwater run-off flowing in smaller drains/channels can be stored by building small earthen dams.
• In residential areas, the rainfall run-off generated from streets and roads can be harvested by constructing bigger size water harvesting ponds for each sector.
• Rainwater in urban areas can be channelled to nearby rivers through drains.

(v) What is Seechewal model for water treatment and rainwater harvesting?

Ans. “Seechewal model”, Simple Pipe and pump formula is an effective solution to this serious
problem. It has been implemented at many places including village Seechewal in Jalandhar
district and at Sultanpur Lodhi in district Kapurthala. The Government of India has termed it
“Seechewal model”, and implemented as a model for cleaning the Ganga and other rivers in
India.: Seechewal model to keep villagers clean and green:

1. The water from the village sewage is collected in a pond.
2. A filter- mash is used to remove objects floating on the surface of water
3. The polluted water is taken into three separate wells. In the first well the sewage circulate in clockwise direction and the silt and pebbles in the sewage are removed. In the second well the sewage circulate in anticlockwise direction and fat, oil and ghee are separated.
4. The third well takes the water to the main pond.
5. The water collected in the main found cleaned by the sun rays.
6. On the opposite side a motor pump is installed to lift the treated water to the agricultural field for the purpose of irrigation.
7. Plantation around the water treatment plant.

(vi) Discuss ‘Niti Ayog Report-2018’ on water scarcity.

Ans. The NITI Aayog-a government think tank- has reported in 2018, highlighting the need for
“urgent and improved” management of water resources. With nearly 600 million Indians facing
high-to-extreme water stress-where more than 40% of the annually available surface water is used
every year-and about 200,000 people dying every year due to inadequate access to safe water,
the situation is likely to worsen as the demand for water will exceed the supply by 2050, said the
‘Composite Water Management Index’ (CWMI) report. States need to start managing their
groundwater and their agriculture water. 21 Indian cities-including Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai
and Hyderabad-will run out of groundwater by 2020, affecting 100 million people; 40% of India’s
population will have no access to drinking water by 2030, the report reported.