PSEB CLASS 10 Social science SST GEOGRAPHY CH 4 AGRICULTURE QUESTION ANSWER Guide pdf full solution in english and punjabi.
Table of Contents
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION (MCQ)
(i) Who is known as father of the Green Revolution?
(a) M.S Swaminathan (b) M.S. Randhawa (c) M.S. Joshi (d) M.S. Krishna Murthy
Ans: M.S Swaminathan
(ii) Agriculture is …………… economic activity.
(a) Primary (b) Secondary (c) Tertiary (d) Quaternary
Ans: Primary
(iii) What is the percentage of total labour force engaged in Agriculture?
(a) 40% (b) 42% (c) 44% (d) 45%
Ans.44%
(iv) Primitive type of agriculture is:
(a) Subsistance Agriculture (b) Shifting Agriculture
(c) Extensive Agriculture (d) None of these
Ans. Subsistance Agriculture
(v) HYV seeds stands for:
(a) High Yielding Variety of seeds
(b) Himamalyan Yielding Variety of Seeds
(c) Humid Yellow Variety of seeds
(d) None of these
Ans. High Yielding Variety of seeds
(vi) Operation flood is related with:
(a) Flooding in India (b) Revolution in milk production
(c) Revolution in poultry (d) Joining of rivers project
Ans. Revolution in milk production
(vii) Tea, Coffee & Tobbacco are:
(a) Cash Crops (b) Beverage crops (c) Both a &b (d) Food crops
Ans. Beverage crops
(ix) World’s largest Jute producing region is:
(a) Punjab plains (b) Kashmir valley (c) Tamilnadu ghats (d) Sundarbans
Ans. Sundarbans
(x) Tarai region is associated with:
(a) Tea production (b) Tobbacco production
(c) Sugarcane production (d) Cotton production
Ans. Sugarcane production
(vii) Match the following:
(a) Rice, Arhar, Urd (i) Operation Flood
(b) V. Kurien (ii) Rabi Crops
(c) M.S Randhawa (iii) Kharif Crops
(d) Barley, Mustard, Wheat (iv) Punjab Agriculture University
Ans
(a) Rice, Arhar, Urd (i) Kharif Crops
(b) V. Kurien (ii) Operation Flood
(c) M.S Randhawa (iii) Punjab Agriculture University
(d) Barley, Mustard, Wheat (iv) Rabi Crops
Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Which state of India is known as ‘Garden of Spices’ & Why?
Ans. Kerala is known as ‘Garden of Spices.’ Spices grow well in tropical maritime climates. Kerala
is a coastal state in lower latitudes and has hot & wet conditions. It has fertile coastal plains with
frequent patches of riverine alluvium, Malabar and mountainous tracts Western Ghats. Soils are
fertile and conducive for spice estates. Per humid conditions produce desired environmental
conditions for spice cultivation. Kerala grows Black Pepper, Turmeric, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove,
Vanilla. Cambodge, Nutmeg, Cinnamon and Cassia.
(ii) Write a shote note on role of P.A.U in development of Punjab’s Agriculture.
Ans. In India, the first State Agricultural University (PAU) was established in 1960. The PAU has
played a key role in increasing food grain production in the Punjab State several folds. It has played
a developmental role in making Green Revolution programme a success. It has made notable
contributions in increasing livestock and poultry production. In recognition of its outstanding
achievements in agricultural research, education and extension, it was adjudged the Best
Agricultural University in India in 1995. The Punjab Agricultural University now has four constituent
colleges, namely College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering, College of Home
science and College of Basic Sciences & Humanities. At present the university, through 28
departments in the four constituent colleges, offers 31 Master degree and 30 Ph.D. programmes.
(iii) What do you mean by Global Hunger Index?
Answer:- Global hunger index is called the index of world hunger. Hunger may be the best suited
parameters to analyse the prosperity of a nation, if critically studied. This index is based on 4
indicators:-
- Share of the population with insufficient calorie intake.
- Share of children under age five who have low weight for their height, reflecting acute undernutrition.
- Share of children under age five who have low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition.
- Mortality rate of children under age five partly reflects inadequate nutrition and unhealth environments.
Why agriculture is important to us?
Ans. India has the most arable land in the world. Currently 43% of the land is under agriculture.
About 88 crore people living in villages depend on agriculture for their livelihood and security.
Due to the diverse climate in India, different types of crops can be grown here. The needs of
people living in different regions are met only from agriculture.
(v) Write a short note on Commercial Farming.
Ans. This type of agriculture is undertaken mainly for commercial purpose i.e.to sell the produce
in the market. Modern methods of cultivation are used and it is practised generally in the areas
with low population density. This type of agriculture is not very common in India. Punjab, Haryana,
Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal and some other parts of the country practise this
type of farming. Wheat, rice, jute, sugarcane, cotton etc. are the main crops grown under this type
of agriculture.
(vi) Write a short note on Kharif crops season.
Ans. Major crops of kharif include Rice, Arhar, Moong, Urd, Sugarcane, Soyabeans, Jowar, Bajra,
Groundnut, Jute and Niger seed etc. Sowing time for these crops is from June 1 to mid -October.
Moisture laden south-west monsoon rains prove to be very beneficial for these crops. These crops
mostly depend on hot and wet conditions.
(vii) Write any three bases of settling M.S.P.
Ans. Minimum Support Price (MSP) is the rate at which the government buys grains from farmers.
The following factors are taken into consideration while fixing the minimum support price:-
I) Demand and supply.
2) Cost of production.
3) Price trends in the market, both domestic and international.
4) Inter-crop price parity.
5) Terms of trade between agriculture and non-agriculture.
Answer the following questions in about 120 words:
(i) Write a detailed note on types of Agriculture.
Ans. India is a country of great physical as well as environmental variations which provides a very
good basis for different types of farming / agriculture.
- Shifting Agriculture– This type of farming is not very common but practised only in the
backward forested areas. The land is cleared by cutting and burning of plants & bushes and this cleared land is cultivated for 2-3 Years by applying traditional instruments. - Subsistence Farming: This type of farming is practised by poor farmers on smaller farms. The
farmers grow different crops but the yield is very low. The farmers produce for their consumption And do not sell the crop into the market. Green manure, animal and human excreta and very low quantities of chemical fertilizers are used for growing the crops. - Intensive Farming: Due to fragmentation of land holdings as well as increasing population
density, the farmers are left with small farms. They try to get the maximum possible output from their small pieces of land. High yielding variety (HYV) seeds along with assured irrigation are practiced. Green manure, chemical fertilizers insecticides and pesticides are also used for getting good produce. - Extensive Farming: In this type of farming, the size of land holdings is large and the farming
operations are done with the help of Machines. The use of manures, fertilizers insecticides,
pesticides etc. is lesser as compared with the intensive type of fanning. - Commercial Farming: This type of agriculture is undertaken mainly for commercial purpose
i.e. to sell the produce in the market. Modern methods of cultivation are used and it is practised generally in the areas with low population density. This type of agriculture is not very common in India. - Plantation agriculture: In this category the crops are planted over large tracts of land by using
scientific methods. The aim of this type of agriculture is to get maximum returns. - Mixed farming: This type of farming includes growing of crops as well as rearing of animals.
Mixed farming is practised mainly in the thickly populated areas. The farmers use scientific and modern methods to ensure good returns. Crop rotation is done for getting better yields. - Vertical Farming: An innovative type of farming in stacked layers on above the other in
controlled environmental conditions. Soil or water trays are used and hybrids are raised with
skilled labour intensive techniques.
(ii) Explain the crop pattern of India.
Ans. Due to diverse climates in India, different crops are grown under different physical, social and economic conditions. Among the major agricultural seasons in India the Kharif crop, Zayad/Zayad- I crops are Rabi crop and Zayad/Zayad-II crops are grown.
- Kharif crops: Major crops of kharif include Rice, Arhar, Moong, Urd, Sugarcane, Soyabeans,
Jowar, Bajra, Groundnut, Jute and Niger seed etc. Sowing time for these crops is from June 1
to mid -October. Moisture laden south-west monsoon rains prove to be very beneficial for
these crops. These crops mostly depend on hot and wet conditions. - Zayad/Zayad-I Crops:- Zayad-1 crops mainly include vegetables and fodder. The sowing
time of these crops is from October to November. The retreating monsoon, fall in
temperature and high humidity are beneficial for these crops. - Rabi Crop:- Rabi crops mainly include Barley, Mustard, Wheat, Linseed, Peas, Sunflower,
Masur and gram etc. These crops are grown during winter months from November to mid-
March. - Zayad/ Zayad-II Crops:- Zayad-II crops mainly include vegetables and fodder. The sowing
time of these crops is from mid-March to May. Brisk sunshine, hot and dry weather is
beneficial for these crops.
(iii) Write a note on Cotton production in India.
Ans. Cotton is included in fiber crops. The conditions required for cotton production are
described as follows:- - Temperature:- Temperature should be 200 to 300 Celsius for cotton production. There should
be frost free season for 210 days. - Soil:- Black soil or Regur soil is considered very beneficial for cotton production.
- Types:- There are mainly three types of cotton: long staple cotton, medium staple cotton,
short staple cotton. Long staple cotton is considered to be the best type of cotton. - Cotton Producing States:- Major cotton producing states of India are Maharashtra, Gujarat,
Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.
(iv) Write notes on:
(i) Coffee House of India:
Ans. Karnataka is called the coffee house of India. Karnataka produces 2/3rd coffee of India.
Moderate heights of Western Ghats, variety of shade trees, 150 cm or more rainfall, skilled
labour have made coffee estates flourish in Chikmangalur, Kodagu and Hassan districts of
Karnataka. Kodagu is the largest coffee producing region in Karnataka with more than 50%
share in the total coffee produced in the state. Mysore and Shimoga are the other coffee
producing regions in the state. Robusta and Arabica varieties of coffee are in high demand
worldwide and 80 percent of total production of India is exported to western countries.
(ii) Tea Gardens of India
Ans. Assam is known as Tea Gardens of India. Tea bush, a tropical and sub-tropical plant, thrives
well in hot and humid climate of Assam. The ideal temperature of 20°-30°C accompanied with
well distributed 150-300 cm annual rainfall, high humidity, heavy dew and morning fog. Skilled
tribal labour plays a nourishing role for the plucking and maintenance of tea estates. Assam has
a share of 52 percent in total tea production of India and is rightly called a tea garden of India.
(iii)Food Security
Ans. The global food security index was first introduced in 2012. About 70% of the countries
enlisted in index recorded an increased. The low ranked countries have shown an improvement
in food security measures. Development in agriculture infrastructure improved capacity to feed
growing urban population. Food quality and safety at global level have observed a hit and
performed low. Global food security index considers the core issues of affordability and quality
of food across 113 countries the index is based on 28 unique indicators. In the year 2022, India
is ranked 71 out of 113 countries.
(iv) Sugarcane production belt:
Ans. The Terai region is known as a traditional sugarcane producing belt. These swampy plains
run west to east along with mountain axis. Tarai sugarcane belt extends across Uttarakhand,
Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Assam between the river courses of Yamuna and Brahmaputra. Hot and
wet conditions promote sugarcane cultivation. Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of
sugarcane.
(v) How Agriculture Universities played a vital role in development of Indian Agriculture?
Ans. Universities have played an important role in the development of Indian agriculture. It has
played a developmental role in making Green Revolution programme a success. It has made
notable contributions in increasing livestock and poultry production. It has made an outstanding
achievements in agricultural research, education and extension. Universities have also played
an important role in preventing wastage of goods after harvesting, creating more profit and
employment opportunities for farmers, undertaking researches in agro-industry, exporting safe
food to domestic and foreign markets.