PSEB CLASS 10TH CH-2 BIOGEOGRAPHY QUESTION ANSWER SOLUTION GUIDE ( ENGLISH)
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION OF PSEB CLASS 10 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 2 BIOGEOGRAPHY
The PSEB Class 10th Biogeography Chapter 2 is an important part of the science curriculum that focuses on the study of the distribution of plants and animals across different geographical regions. This chapter provides students with a deeper understanding of the factors that influence the distribution of organisms and the various types of ecosystems found on Earth.
The chapter begins by introducing the concept of biogeography and its significance in understanding the patterns of life on our planet. Students learn about the different biomes, such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and aquatic ecosystems, and the unique characteristics of each.
Furthermore, the chapter delves into the factors that affect the distribution of organisms, such as temperature, rainfall, altitude, and soil type. Students gain insights into how these factors shape the types of plants and animals found in specific regions.
The chapter also explores the impact of human activities on biogeography, including deforestation, urbanization, and climate change. Students learn about the consequences of these activities on ecosystems and the need for conservation and sustainable practices.
In conclusion, the PSEB Class 10th Biogeography Chapter 2 provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of organisms and the various factors that influence it. By studying this chapter, students can develop a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of life on Earth and the importance of preserving our diverse ecosystems.
Lesson : 2 Biogeography Multiple Choice Questions:
Q (i) Biogeography:
(a) is comprehensive study of living things. (c) Includes Abiotic World
(b) Includes Biotic World. (d) a & c both
Ans:- comprehensive study of living things.
Q (ii) How many Biogeographic zones does India have ?
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
Ans: 10
Q(iii) A Mega diverse country must hold at least ………. species of endemic plants and border marive
ecosystems.
(a) 5,500 (b) 5000 (c) 4500 (d) 6000
Ans: 5000
Q(iv) There are ……………. Biodiversity hotspots in India:
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
Ans: 4
Q(v) IUCN stands for :
(a) International Union of Capital Nations.
(b) International Union for Conservation of Nature.
(c) Intemtional Unity for Cancer and Nutrition.
(d) International Unity for Causes of Nuclear Power.
Ans. International Union for Conservation of Nature.
(vi) Indian govt. has established Biosphere reserves in India.
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 14 (d) 16
Ans.18
Q(vii) Lonar Lake is located in:
(a) Punjab (c) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Uttar Pradesh (d) Maharastra
Ans: Maharastra
Q(viii) Which pair among the following is least found in Punjab presently ?
(a) Pigeon and Monkey (c) Parrot and Horse
(b) Sparrow and Cat (d) Crow and Dog
Ans : Sparrow and Cat
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Q(i) Define Biogeography.
Ans. Biogeography is the comprehensive study of the living and pulsating entities. It includes the
biotic or animate world and its spatial distributional patterns. Biogeography can be defined as a
descriptive study of flora and fauna in all physical domains of land, water and air as a part of food
chains and complex food webs.
Q(ii) Name the types of Biodiversity.
Ans:- Biodiversity can be divided into three types:
Genetic diversity: Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species.
Species diversity: Species diversity is assessed in terms of the no.of species are the range of
different types of species an area contains.
Ecosystem diversity: Ecosystem diversity encompasses the broad differences between
ecosystem types, and the diversity of habitats and ecological processes occurring with an
ecosystem type.
Q(iii) Name the Biodiverstiy Hotspots of India.
Ans: The Bio diversity hotspots in India are: Himalaya Region comprised of western and central
ranges falling in India. Nepal and Bhutan, Indo-Burma: Includes entire North-eastern India and
mountainous parts of Myanmar, Andaman & Nicobar group of Islands and Indonesian
archipelago, Western Ghats and Sri Lanka, Terrai-duar Savannah and Sundaland.
Q(iv) Write a short note on Sundarbans.
Ans:- The Ganges-Brahmaputra delta of Sundarbans is the largest delta in the world. It is also
known as Sundarban Delta, Ganges Delta, Brahmaputra Delta, or Bengal Delta. The Sundarban
Delta is of global importance. The Royal Bengal Tiger is the main animal found here. Its area is
9630 sq km. It is the only mangrove habitat in the world.
Q(v) Write a note about location of ‘Gulf of Mannar.’
Ans:- The Gulf of Mannar is considered to be one of the richest areas in the world from the point
of view of marine biodiversity. It is rich in marine diversity due to its unique biodiversity. The Gulf
of Mannar has an area of 10,500 square kilometers. The dugong (marine mammal) is the dominant
animal here. The Indian part of the Gulf of Mannar extends from Rameswaram Island in the north to
Kanyakumari in the south of the Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka.
Q(vi) How Biodiversity and economic development are helpful to one another ?
Ans: Conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity is an integral part of Indian culture. 7-8% of
the world’s species live in 2.4% of the world’s total land area. 40% of the world’s economy and
80% of the needs of the poor are derived from biological resources.
Q(vi) What is importance of Himalayas as biodivesity region of India ?
Ans: A variety of natural flora and fauna are found in the Himalayas. Natural vegetation and forms
of life are equally diverse along the heights of Himalayas. Tropical deciduous forests, temperate
mountain forests, temperate grasslands, Alpine forests, Alpine grasslands and Tundra vegetation
are found in its different altitude zones. India contains about 8% of the world’s biodiversity on
2.4 % of Earth’s surface.
Q(viii) Define
(a) The Biotic Province:- A Biotic Province is secondary units with in a biogeographic zone, giving
weight to particular community separated by dispersal barriers or gradual change in
environmental factors, e.g. North West and Western Himalayas, either side of the Satluj River.
(b) Ecotone: A transition zone marking an overlap between two plant communities. Alpine
Grasslands between temperate forests and high-altitude cold deserts make an ecotone.
(c) Biome:- A biome is an ecological unit, not a biogeographic unit. A biome such as swamp/
wetland or temperate broad leaved forest could be found in several biogeographic zones or
provinces.
Answer Questions in about 120 words.
Q(i) List some important facts about Indian Biodiversity.
Ans: The following is a list of important facts about the Indian biodiversity.
- India is home of 33% of the life forms found in the world and is one among the 17 mega divers countries of the world.
- India comprises 2% of world’s land mass but is home of 8% of the biodiversity of the world.
- India can be divided into 10 biogeographic zones and 26 biotic provinces, which represent all the major ecosystems of the world.
- There are 41 botanical gardens, 120 national parks, 275 zoos, 504 Wildlife sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves.
- There are 50,000 species of plants and 81,000 species of animals identified in the country.
- Around 60% of biodiversity wealth can be found in Western Ghats which is one of the hotspot of diversity in India
- India is a signatory to the international conventions like convention of International Trade on endangered species which aims at conserving biodiversity.
- India is home to 40 World Heritage Sites and 75 Ramsar wetlands, sites (2022) amongst the protected areas.
Q(iii) Introduce any four natural wonders found in India.
Ans: Lonar Lake:- Lonar Lake, also known as Lonar crater, is a notified National Geo-heritage
Monument, saline soda lake, located at Lonar in Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. Lonar Lake
was created by an asteroid collision with earth impact during the Pleistocene Epoch. Incredibly
old at 50,000 years, the Lonar crater is the youngest and best-preserved impact crater formed in
basalt rock and is the only of its kind on earth.
Gandikota Canyon :-With striking grandeur reminiscent of USA’s majestic Grand Canyon,
Gandikota is a 300 feet-deep valley located in Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh. Believed to
be more than a thousand years old, the canyon is also known for the 13th century Gandikota Fort
an intricately carved citadel made of red sandstone.
Loktak Lake: Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in North East India and is famous for the
phumdis (heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil and organic matter at various stages of
decomposition), floating over it, resembling miniature islands, these phumdis are found in
various forms, floating on the picturesque freshwater lake that serves as a lifeline for the
communities living around it. Keibul Lamjao National Park located at the south western part of the
lake. It is the world’s only floating national park and is home to the endangered Manipuri brow-
antlered deer, Sangai. The biodiversity hotspot is also home to 233 species of aquatic plants, more
than 100 species of birds and 425 species of animals.
Magnetic Hill:- Magnetic Hill is a “gravity hill” (a gravity hill is a place where the layout of the
surrounding land produces an optical illusion, making a slight downhill slope appear to be an
uphill slope.) located near Leh in Ladakh UT in, India. The layout of the surrounding slopes creates
an optical illusion that the downhill road is actually an uphill road. Objects and cars on the hill
may appear to roll “uphill” in defiance of gravity when they are, in fact, rolling downhill.
Q(iv) Discuss regional biodiversity and ecological regions of Punjab.
Ans: 1. Beas Conservation Reserve,185 km stretch from Shiwaliks foot hills to Harike.
- Harike Wetlands, a confluence point of Satluj and Beas
- Kanjli Wetlands, Kali Vein wetlands.
- Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary, stretches of Satluj in Shiwaliks foothill zone
- Manmade Ropar wetlands of Satluj
- Keshopur- Miani community reserves in Bari Doab.
Q(vi) Write notes on :
(a) Borra Caves :- The Borra Caves, also called Borra Guhalu, are located on the East Coast of India, in the Ananthagiri hills of the Araku Valley (with hill ranges’ elevation varying from 800 to 1,300 m (2,600 to 4,300 ft.)) of the Visakhapatnam district in Andhra Pradesh. The caves, one of the largest in the country, at an elevation of about 705 m (2,313 ft.), distinctly exhibit a variety of speleothems ranging in size and irregularly shaped stalactites and stalagmites
(b) Gandikota Canyon:-With striking grandeur reminiscent of USA’s majestic Grand Canyon, Gandikota is a 300 feet-deep valley located in Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh. Believed to be more than a thousand years old, the canyon is also known for the 13th century Gandikota Fort an intricately carved citadel made of red sandstone.
(c) Natural Wonders of the World: Natural Wonders of the World what we consider as Seven Wonders of the World are all human-made. But what most people don’t know is that Mother Nature has its wonders to offer even before humans existed. With a lot of stunning beaches and mountains around the world, it’s undeniable that no man can ever beat the works of nature. The Seven Natural Wonders of the World are the naturally occurring Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights, the Victoria Falls, Mount Everest, Paricutin Volcano, Grand Canyon, the Great Barrier Reef, and Rio de Janeiro etc.
(d) Biodiversity Conservation: Biodiversity is being depleted by the loss of habitat, fragmentation of habitat, over exploitation of resources, human sponsored ecosystems, climatic changes, pollution invasive exotic spices, diseases, shifting cultivation, poaching of wild life etc. Since the human beings are enjoying all the benefits from biodiversity, they should take proper care for the preservation of biodiversity in all its form and good health for the future generation i.e., the human being should prevent the degradation and destruction of the habitats thereby maintaining the biodiversity at its optimum level