Lesson 5: Mineral and Energy Resources PSEB Geography Solution 2023-24

Lesson 5: Mineral and Energy Resources PSEB Geography Solution

PSEB solution 2023-24 is a comprehensive guide that provides a detailed understanding of the concepts related to mineral and energy resources. In Lesson 5, we delve into the study of various mineral and energy resources and their significance in our daily lives. This topic explores the processes involved in the formation of minerals, their distribution patterns, and the techniques used for their extraction. Additionally, the lesson sheds light on the importance of energy resources such as fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, and the various factors influencing their availability and utilization. By studying this PSEB solution, students will gain a solid foundation in comprehending the critical role played by mineral and energy resources in shaping our global economy and environment.

Sub: Social Science
Class: 10th (Geography)

Lesson 5: Mineral and Energy Resources
Multiple Choice Questions:

(i) Which of the following is not a characteristic of ‘mineral’.

(a) Homogenous (b) Naturally occurring substance
(c) Definable internal structure (d) None of the above

Ans. Homogenous

(ii) ‘Ruhar valley’ is a region in:

(a) Australia (b) Germany
(c) Japan (d) India

Ans. Germany

(iii) Conventional energy resources are:

(a) Wind & Coal (b) Tides and Solar energy
(c) Natural gas & Wave energy (d) Coal & Petroleum

Ans. Coal & Petroleum

(iv) Mumbai high is a:

(a) Hill station (b) Oil producing region
(c) Coal producing belt (d) Metro station

Ans. Oil producing region

(v) Match the following:

(a) Steel age (i) 1000 years ago
(b) Bronze (ii) 1780-1980
(c) Iron age (iii) Copper + Tin
(d) Silicon age (iv) 1980 onwards

Ans.
(a) Steel age (i) 1780-1980
(b) Bronze (ii) Copper + Tin
(c) Iron age (iii) 3000 years ago
(d) Silicon age (iv) 1980 onwards

Answer the following questions in about 30 words:-

(i) What are Metallic minerals?

Ans. The Metallic minerals contain metals. Such minerals like copper, gold, manganese, bauxite
are further divided into:
a. Ferrous minerals which have iron content in it. Iron, manganese Nickel, cobalt, tungsten
etc.
b. Non-ferrous minerals – such minerals do not have iron content in it. These include gold,
silver, copper, bauxite etc.

(ii) Name any 5 coal producing states of India.

Answer:- Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh.

(iii) Write the names of types of Iron ore with their iron content.

Ans. Type Iron-Metal Part
Magnetite 70% iron content or more
Hematite 60% to 70% iron content
Limonite 50% to 60% iron content
Siderite less than 50% iron content

(iv)Which area is known as ‘Ruhar of India’, & Why?

Ans. Ruhr valley is an area in western Germany bounded by rivers Ruhr, Rhine and Lippe. It is rich
in minerals, specifically coal, which led to the development of many industries in the valley region
especially iron and steel industries. Same is the case with Damodar valley in India (spread across
Jharkhand and West Bengal), which is rich in coal and mica leading to the development of a vast
industrial belt in the valley with uncountable big and small industries including high capacity
thermal power plants and three big steel plants of India. So, it is for this resemblance that the
Damodar Valley is also called the ‘Ruhr’ of India.

(v)Write a note on Brahmputra valley, upper oil fields.

Ans. The crude oil was first discovered in Brahmaputra valley. The oil bearing rock spread from the
Dehang basin up to the Surma valley. The main oil producing wells, however lie in the Dibrugarh
Sibsagar districts of Upper Assam are some of the important oil producing centers.

(vi) What do you understand by Non-conventional energy resources ?

Ans. Non-conventional energy sources consist of those energy sources that are infinite, natural and
renewable in nature. Currently, some of the important and widely used non-conventional sources
of energy are tides, wind, solar geothermal heat and biomass comprising animal waste,
agricultural waste and human body waste.

(vii) Write a note on Fossil fuels.

Ans. Fossil Fuels are hydrocarbons, like coal, petroleum and natural gas. It is a general term for
buried deposits of organic materials, formed from decayed plants and animals that have been
converted to crude oil, coal, natural gas or heavy oils by exposure to heat and pressure in the
earth’s crust over hundreds of millions of years. These are also known as mineral fuels.

(vii) Write a note on mineral wealth of Punjab.

Ans. The geological composition of Punjab is primarily from sediments brought down and
deposited by the rivers. Sedimentary rocks comprising sand, silt, clay, pebbles, etc. are found in
Punjab. Most of the minerals in the world are associated with igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Therefore, there is a virtual absence of minerals in Punjab. Of course, at certain places, building
materials are found. These includes sand, gravel and sandstone of the Siwaliks and foothill regions
and river beds. Mainly found in the districts of Nawanshahr, (Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar),
Hoshiarpur, Pathankot, Gurdaspur, Firozpur and Jalandhar.

Answer the following questions in about 120 words:

(i) Give a detailed account of Non-conventional sources of energy.

Ans. With the increasing demand for energy and fast depleting conventional sources of energy,
non- conventional sources of energy are gaining importance in the present time. These include:
Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Geo-thermal Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave Energy, Hydroelectric
Energy, Bio-mass Energy, Power generation etc.

1. Solar Energy:- Sun is the main source of energy on the earth surface. India is gifted with
   plenty of solar energy because of being the tropical country. Many parts of the country
   receive sufficient amount of Sun energy throughout the year. With the use of the latest
   technology, solar energy is being used in many ways.
2. Wind Energy:- This is another very important source of non-conventional energy. India has
   good potential of wind energy. The costs are incurred only in the beginning of the project
   but once the generation of power starts, the cost free power is available about 20 years. The
   coastal States like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Andaman
   and Nicobar and Rajasthan have started generating power from wind energy.
3. Tidal Energy:- The tides are regular feature occurring in the Indian seas. The tidal energy
   can be converted into electricity. The water of the high tide is used to run the turbine which
   in turn produces the electricity.
4. Geothermal energy: It is the heat energy of the earth which can be utilised for direct heat as well as the power generation.
5. Biogas: Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as cattle dung (gobar), poultry waste, kitchen waste agricultural waste„ municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste etc.

(ii) What do you understand by conservation of Mineral resources? Suggest some measures to conserve these resources.

Ans. The mineral resources are the free gifts of nature. It takes millions of years for the formation
of minerals. Compared to the present rate of consumption, the replenishment rate of minerals
is very slow. The reserves of the mineral resources are limited as well as non-renewable. They
do not get replaced immediately. The man is exploring as well as using almost all types of
minerals at a very high speed without thinking about the requirements of the generations to
come. Therefore it is important to use the mineral resources in a wise manner. Hence we need
to conserve our precious mineral resources. Some measures to conserve the minerals

• Use of minerals in a planned and sustainable manner. Recycling of metals.

• Use of alternative renewable substitutes.

• Technology should be improved to use the low grade ores profitably.

• There should be no wastage of minerals rather optimal use of minerals is the need of the hour.

• Elaborative

(iii) Present a comparison between conventional and Non-conventional resources of energy.

Ans. Based on the nature of the minerals, energy sources can be divided into two distinct
categories: conventional and non-conventional sources.

Conventional sources	Non-conventional sources
1.They are non-renewable	1. They are renewable.
2. These types of energy sources have been in use for a long time	2. As the demand for energy increases and the reserves of conventional resources decrease, the importance of many new non- conventional sources of energy has gained momentum.
3. These can include coal, petroleum, natural gas and thermal power as conventional energy sources.	3. These non-conventional sources include: solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, hydroelectric energy and biomass energy e

(iv) Write a notes on:

(a) Makrana Rajasthan stone mining

Ans. Makrana Marble is listed as a Global Heritage Stone by International Union of Geological
Sciences. Makrana is the source of the marble used in the Taj Mahal. It is situated at a distance
of 60 km from Kishangarh and falls in the Nagaur district of Rajasthan. The region has various
mining ranges mainly Doongri, Devi, Ulodi, Saabwali, Gulabi, Kumari, Neharkhan, Matabhar,
kumari, Chuck doongri, Chosira and Pahar Kua amongst others.

(b) Kolar and Hutti Gold mine

Ans. Hutti Maski Belt is one such most promising and the position of the Hutti Belt in relation to
the other precambrian Greenstone Belts of Karnataka. Eastern green stone belts namely Hutti,
Ramgiri, Kolar are important as the major working gold mines fall in these belts.

(c) Black salt mining of Himachal Pradesh

Ans. Rock salt from Mandl district of Himachal Pradesh has its own rock salt mines at Mandi, in
Himachal Pradesh where 116 Million (MT) of proven rock salt deposit exist. The current method
of mining is dry mining producing about 400-500 tons per month and this salt is especially liked
by the people of HP and distributed in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana.
Since the demand is higher than our production, the government is opening up some new mines
under Solution Mining Technology.

(d) Geothermal energy resources.

Ans. It is the heat energy of the earth which can be utilised for direct heat as well as the power
generation. A geyser is a vent in the Earth’s surface that periodically ejects a column of hot water
and steam. A lava fountain is an example of the amount of heat stored in the Earth. Geysers, lava
mountains and hot springs are all natural examples of geothermal energy. An assessment of
geothermal energy potential of some selected sites in J and K, Himachal Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh has been undertaken.

IMPORTANT KEY POINTS OF MINERAL AND OTHER RESOURCES PSEB SOLUTION

→ Minerals (Types of Minerals) – Natural chemical compounds.

→ Metallic – Ferrous: Iron ore, manganese, chromite, tungsten, nickel, and cobalt.

→ Non-Ferrous: Gold, silver, copper, lead, bauxite, and magnesium.

→ Non-metallic – Limestone, nitrate, dolomite, potash, gypsum.

→ Mineral Fuels – Coal, petroleum, and gas.

→ Iron ore – Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, and Goa are the main producers.

→ Manganese (Second in world reserves):

• Orissa is the major producer of Manganese.
• Karnataka, M.P., Maharashtra, and Goa are other states.

→ Mica – India leads the world with 60% of world production.

→ Bauxite (Source of aluminium) – Jharkhand, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, and M.P. are the main producers.

→ Conservation – Reduction of wastage in mining, Fewer exports, Substitutes, Recycling.

→ Conventional Sources of Energy – Thermal coal, petroleum, and gas 70.6%, Hydro 25.5%, Nuclear 2.6%, Wind 1.3%.

→ Power Generation Capacity – 1400 MW in 1947; 1,02,000 MW in 2011.

→ Coal – Per capita consumption 400 kg in 2011.

→ Petroleum:

• Estimated Reserves: 4000 million tonnes,
• Production: 33 million tonnes (63% Mumbai High, 18% Gujarat, 16% Assam).

→ Natural Gas:

• Consumption: 23 billion cubic metres
• Recoverable Reserves: 700 bIllion cubic metres
• Production: 27,860 million cubic metres per year.

→ Electricity:

• Installed capacity: 1,04,917 MW
• Per capita consumption: 379 KW (lowest in the world).

→ Non-conventional sources – 95000 MW (Solar, wind, biogas)

PSEB 10th Class Social Science Guide Minerals and Power Resources Important Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in one word or one line:

Question 1. Which is the hardest mineral?
Answer: Diamond.

Question 2. Name one example of a ferrous mineral.
Answer: Iron.

Question 3. Name two Non-ferrous minerals.
Answer: Bauxite, Copper.

Question 4.mWhich is the best quality iron ore?
Answer: Magnetite.

Question 5. Name a mineral in which India is deficient.
Answer: Copper.

Question 6. Name the largest iron ore producing state.
Answer: Jharkhand.

Question 7.mName an industry in which limestone is used.
Answer: Cement.

Question 8. Name a conventional source of energy.
Answer: Coal.

Question 9.mName the best quality coal.
Answer: Anthracite.

Question 10.,Where is lignite coal found?
Answer: Neyvelli.

Question 11.mName an offshore oilfield.
Answer:mMumbai High.

Question 12.mName a nuclear power station in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:mKalpakkam.

Question 13. Name a solar plant in India.
Answer:mMadhopur.

Question 14. Why have the minerals become more important in Modern age?
Answer:mDue to scientific research and technological development.

Question 15. How can you say that India is rich in basic minerals?
Answer: India is rich in Manganese ore to make the best quality of steel. India is also rich in Bauxite and Mica.

Question 16. How is the distribution of minerals unequal in India?
Answer: North Eastern plateau of India is considered as one of the rich mineral areas of the world, others have no minerals.

Question 17. Why is North Eastern plateau considered as a gift in the industrial development?
Answer: Good quality of iron ore is found in North Eastern plateau.

Question 18. In which two states of India iron ore is found? Name one mine of these two states.
Answer: Iron ore is found in the states of Bihar and Orissa in India. Iron ore is mined at Singhbhum in Jharkhand and Keonjhar in Orissa.

Question 19. Which four ports export Iron ore? Which country is the main importer of our iron ore?
Answer: The four ports exporting iron ore are—Kolkata, Vishakhapatnam, Goa and Paradip.

Question 20. Name any two districts of Jharkhand where iron ore is found.
Answer: Iron ore is found in the districts of Raigarh and Bilaspur in Jharkhand.

Question 21 Name four mines of Manganese ore in Orissa.
Answer: The four mines of Manganese ore situated in Orissa are Keonjhar, Kalahandi, Mayurbhanj and Talchir.

Question 22. In which state of India Mica is mostly found? Name two other mica producing states.
Answer: Mica is mostly found in the state of Jharkhand in India. The other two mica producing states are Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan.

Question 23. Name two main Bauxite producing states.
Answer:mThe two main bauxite producing states are Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh.

Question 24. In which state copper is mainly found? Name two mines situated there.
Answer: Copper is mainly found in Jharkhand. Its two mines are situated at Singhbhum and Hazaribagh.

Question 25. Name four main coal mines of India.
Answer: The four main coal mines of India are Raniganj, Jharia, Giridih and Bokaro.

Question 26.mWhich was main oil producing state in India before independence? In which other states oil is mined in modern times?
Answer: Assam was the main oil producing state in India before independence. Gujarat and (Bombay High) Maharashtra are other states in which oil is mined.

Question 27. Name the atomic minerals found in India. In which states are they found? ‘
Answer: Uranium is found in Bihar. Beryllium is found in Rajasthan. There is a huge reserve of mineral (Thorium) sand along the coast of Kerala.

Question 28. Which atomic centres are w orking today in India.? Which is the oldest one?
Answer: Tarapur, Rana Pratap Sagar Dam and Kalpakkam.

Question 29. How many atomic energy centres are there in India?
Answer:mAs per 2016, India has 22 nuclear reactors in operation at seven cities.

Question 30. Which is the oldest Atomic Power Centre in India?
Answer: Tarapur Atomic PowTer Station. (T.A.P.S.)

In conclusion, the PSEB solution for Lesson 5 on mineral and energy resources provides a comprehensive understanding of these valuable natural assets. Through this resource, students gain knowledge about the formation, distribution, extraction techniques, and significance of minerals in our daily lives. Additionally, the lesson emphasizes the importance of energy resources, including fossil fuels and renewable sources, and the factors influencing their availability and utilization. The PSEB solution serves as a valuable tool for students to grasp the vital role played by mineral and energy resources in shaping our global economy and environment.