PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 – Manufacturing Industries

The PSEB solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 focus on manufacturing industries, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of this crucial sector. These solutions cover topics such as the significance of manufacturing industries in economic development, the types and importance of industries, factors influencing their location, and the challenges faced by this sector. The solutions also discuss the role of industrial pollution and sustainable development in manufacturing industries. Through these solutions, students gain knowledge about the various aspects of manufacturing industries, enabling them to appreciate the importance of this sector in the overall growth and development of a country.

1. Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material.

a) Aluminium (b) Cement (c ) Sugar (d) Jute

Solution: (b) Cement

(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants?

a) HAIL (b) SAIL (c ) TATA Steel (d) MNCC

Solution: (b) SAIL

(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?

a) Aluminium (b) Cement (c ) Jute (d) Steel

Solution: (a) Aluminium

(iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc?

a) Steel (b) Electronic (c ) Aluminium (d) Information Technology

Solution: (b) Electronic

(v) Sugar industry is:

(a) Raw material based industry (b) Agro based industry
(c) Heavy Industry (d) All the above

Ans. Agro based industry

(vi) How many Mega food parks have been sanctioned by the government?
(a) 40 (b) 42
(c) 45 (d) 48

Ans 42

(vii) Full Form of BHEL is:
(a) Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited
(b) Bharat Heat Energy Limited
(c) Bhopal Hydrabad Energy Limited
(d) None of the above
Ans. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.

(i) What is manufacturing?

Solution: Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities after processing raw materials to produce more valuable products. For example, paper is manufactured from wood, sugar from sugarcane, iron and steel from iron ore and aluminium from bauxite.

2 . Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words:

(i)What is manufacturing?

Ans. Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable
products is called manufacturing.

(ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry.

Ans. Several physical factors are considered for the location of the industry, Like:-

Raw material 2. Land 3. Power resources

(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry.

Ans. The three human factors for seting up the location of an industry are:

1. Skilled and educated workers 2. Capital 3. Market

(iv) What are basic industries? Give an example.

Ans. Basic or key industries are those which supply their products as raw materials to manufacture
other goods e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminum smelting.

(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?

Ans:-Limestone is used to make cement. Limestone is found in almost all states in India. Major
producing regions include Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh etc.

(vi) Which are the major basis for classification of industries? Name them.

Ans. The major bases of classification of industries are as follows:-

1. Labour and capital
2. Raw Material
3. Ownership
4. Source of raw material
5. Miscellaneous

(vii) Classify the industries on the basis of Raw material.

Ans. Industries are of two types on the basis of raw materials- heavy industries and light industries.
Their description is as follows:

Heavy industries:- These industries use heavy raw materials. These include iron and steel
industry.

Light Industries:- These industries make light goods using light raw materials. It include electrical
goods industries etc.

(viii) Name the major industrial regions of India.

1. Ans. 1. Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region
2. Hugli Industrial Region
3. Bangalore-Tamil Nadu Industrial Region
4. Gujarat Industrial Region
5. Chhota Nagpur Industrial Region
6. Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Industrial Region
7. Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut Industrial Region
8. Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram Industrial Region

(ix) Why food processing is required?

Ans. Reasons for food processing: Foods are processed for five major reasons:

1. Preservation for later consumption or sale to fetch better price
2. Removal of inedible portions
4. Destruction or removal of harmful substances
6. Conversion to forms desired by the consumer
8. Subdivision into food ingredients.

Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words.

(i) How are integrated Steel plants different from mini Steel plants?

Difference between integrated Steel plants and mini Steel plants are as follow:-

Integrated Steel plants	Mini Steel plants
1. Integrated steel plants are large plants, which include iron and steel industry.	1. Mini Steel Factories are small scale factories, which include electricity and light bulb manufacturing industry.
2. More capital is invested in these factories	2. These factories involve less capital investment.
3. These factories are associated with heavy industries.	3. These factories are part of light industries.
4. A large number of workers are employed in these factories.	4. The number of workers in these factories is less.

(ii) What problems do the industries face?

Ans. Major problems faced by industries are:

1. Lack of huge Capital
2. Lack of latest Technology
3. Low Productivity & High input costs
4. Inefficiency of public sector units
5. Low potential utilisation of steel plants
6. Heavy demand
7. Shortage of metallurgical coal
8. Inferior quality of products
9. Steel companies are plagued with huge debts.
   10.Cheap imports from China, Korea and other countries.

(iii)What recent developments have led to a rise in the production capacity?

Ans.1. The impact of globalization has also made our industries more efficient and competitive,
which has boosted the manufacturing industries in the country.

2. Governments have provided cheap loans and special banking facilities to promote
   manufacturing industries.
3. Direct investment by foreign capitalists and liberalization policy by the government gave
   further boost to Indian industry.
4. Research centers have been opened by governments at various places to increase production.
5. After the Green Revolution, special attention has been given to promote agro-based industries
   in agriculture.
6. Industrial development has also been done by governments in backward areas and tribal areas.

(iv) How do industries pollute the environment

Ans. Although industry contribute significantly to India’s economic growth and development, the
increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise are resulting degradation of environment that they
caused, cannot be overlooked. Industries are responsible for four types of pollution:
(a) Air Pollution:- Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable
gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide.
(b) Water Pollution:- Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and
affluents discharged into rivers.
(c) Land Pollution:- Glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents, packaging, salt and garbage
etc. mix in the soil and pollute the soil.
(d) Noise Pollution:- Noise pollution not only results in irritation and anger, it can also cause
hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects.

Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress.

(v) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry?

Ans.1.Minimising use water for processing by reusing and recycling.

2. Fresh water should not be wasted.
3. Harvesting of rainwater to meet the water requirement.
4. Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers or ponds.
5. Smoke can be reduced by using oil and gas instead of coal in factories.
6. Particular matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories by using
   techniques like electrostatic preceptors, fabric filters etc.
7. Low noise machinery can be redesigned to reduce noise pollution.

(vii) Write a note on cotton textile industry of India.

Ans. The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques.mIn the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt of Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw cotton, market, transport including accessiblem port facilities, labour, moist climate, etc. contributed towards its localisation. India exports yarn to Japan. Other importers of cotton goods from India are U.S.A, U.K., Russia, France, Nepal, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Eastern European countries and African countries. India has a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn. Our spinning mills are competitive at the global level and are capable of using all fibres produced in the country. India’s high-quality long-staple cotton has led to a significant increase in yarn production over the past, but imports are still needed.

(viii) Write notes on:

(a) Fertilizers industry

Ans. The fertilizer industry is centered on the production of nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphatic fertilizers and ammonium phosphate and complex fertilizers which have a combination of nitrogen, phosphate and potash. The third, i.e. potash is entirely imported as the country does not have any reserves of commercially usable potash or potassium compounds in any form. After the Green Revolution the industry expanded to several other parts of the country. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala contribute towards half of the fertilize production. Other significant producers states are: Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharashtra, Assam, West Bengal, Goa, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.

(b) Ship building industry

Ans. A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world’s oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying passengers or goods, or in support of specialized missions, such as defence, research and fishing. Ships have been important contributors to human migration and commerce. The Indian shipping industry plays an important role in the Indian economy as almost 100 % of the international trade is conducted by the sea due to which this sea transport plays a major role in the economy of the country. The ancient shipbuilding in India goes back to the third millennium BC when ships were first built exclusively for war purposes. India ranks second in Asia in shipbuilding. Cochin Shipyard Limited is the Kerala’s largest shipbuilding and maintenance company in the country.
List of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) of Shipping Industry in India

1. Shipping Corporation of India Mumbai
2. Hindustan Shipyard Ltd., Visakhapatnam
3. Cochin Shipyard Ltd., Cochin
4. Dredging Corporation of India Ltd. (MSIL), Visakhapatnam
5. Hooghly Dock and Port Engineers Ltd., Kolkata
6. Central Inland Water Transport Corporation Ltd., Kolkata
7. Ennore Port Ltd., Chennai

(c) Mega food park

Ans. Mega Food Park Scheme is the effective program of the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India. Mega Food Park Scheme suggests a demand driven/pre- marketed model with strong backward/forward linkages and sustainable supply chain. Total 42 Mega Food Parks have been sanctioned by the Government for setting-up in the country. This step of the Government will create huge modern infrastructure for food processing sector and provide impetus to the development of the area. One such mega food park in Punjab under the name of Punjab Agro Industries Corporation Limited (PAIC) at Ludhiana is the premier organization of Punjab Government, entrusted with the responsibility of promotion and facilitation of agro based industries. Other such food parks have been set up at Fazilka and Phagwara.

(d) Major problems faced by Industries

Ans. Major Problems faced by industries are:

1. Lack of huge Capital
2. Lack of latest Technology
3. Low Productivity & High input costs
4. Inefficiency of public sector units
5. Low potential utilisation of steel plants
6. Heavy demand
7. Shortage of metallurgical coal
8. Inferior quality of products
9. Steel companies are plagued with huge debts.
   10.Cheap imports from China, Korea and other countries.

PYQ Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which one of the following cities has emerged as the ‘electronic capital’ of India? [All India 2012]
(a) Delhi
(b) Kolkata
(c) Bengaluru
(d) Hyderabad

2. On what basis is the industrial sector classified into public and private sectors? [All India 2012]
(a) Employment conditions
(b) The nature of economic activity
(c) Ownership of enterprises
(d) Number of workers employed in the enterprise

3. Which one of the following factors plays the most important role in the location of an industry in a particular region? [Delhi 2012]
(a) Raw material
(b) Market
(c) Least production cost
(d) Transport

4. Which one of the following industries generates the largest amount of employment? [Foreign 2012]
(a) Cotton Industry
(b) Jute Industry
(c) Silk Industry
(d) Textile Industry

5. Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector plants? [CBSE (CCE) 2012]
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA steel
(d) MNCC

6. Which one of the following industries is the largest contributor of Gross Domestics Production (GDP) in India? [CBSE (CCE) 2012]
(a) Rubber
(b) Jute
(c) Sugar
(d) Textile

7. TISCO is: [CBSE (CCE) 2012]
(a) Joint Sector Industry
(b) Private Sector Industry
(c) Co – operative Sector Industry
(d) Public Sector Industry

8. Which one of the following countries is giving stiff competition to India with regard to jute industry? [Delhi 2011]
(a) Brazil
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Philippines
(d) Thailand

9. Which one of the following has been the major source of foreign exchange for IT industry? [AI 2011]
(a) BHEL
(b) SAIL
(c) BPO
(d) OIL

10. Which one of the following public sector plants is located in Chhattisgarh? [Foreign 2011]
(a) Bokaro Steel Plant
(b) Bhilai Steel Plant
(c) Durgapur Steel Plant
(d) Rourkela Steel Plant

11. Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Chemical
(d) Fertiliser

12. Which one of the following agencies, markets steel for the public sector plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC

13. Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material ?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel

14. Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer, etc. ?
(a) Steel
(b) Aluminium
(c) Electronic
(d) Information Technology

Additional Questions
15. The first textile mill was established in
(a) Kolkata
(b) Chennai
(c) Mumbai
(d) Coimbatore

16. Software technology park in Kerala
(a) Kochi
(b) Thiruvananthapuram
(c) Coimbatore
(d) Alleppy

17. Leading centre of woollen textile industry in Punjab
(a) Kanpur
(b) Ludhiana
(c) Murshidabad
(d) Panipat

18. Which of the following sectors does manufacturing belong to?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Secondary sector
(c) Tertiary Sector
(d) All the above

19. Which of the following industries is not a heavy industry?
(a) Cotton textile
(b) Cement
(c) Iron and Steel
(d) Ship building

20. To which category Iron and Steel industry belong to?
(a) Small scale
(b) Large scale
(c) Cooperative sector
(d) Agro based

21. The first cement plant was set up at
(a) Mumbai
(b) Delhi
(c) Chennai
(d) Kolkata

22. Which city is known as electronic capital of India ?
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Kolkata
(c) Mumbai
(d) Bengaluru

23. The Software Technology Park in Rajasthan is located at
(a) Jodhpur
(b) Jaipur
(c) Udaipur
(d) Bikaner

24. Which city is known as the Manchester of India ?
(a) Chennai
(b) Kolkata
(c) Delhi
(d)Mumbai

25. The first Jute mill was set up in ……………
(a) Kolkata
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Hyderabad
(d) Mumbai

26. India exports yarn to which of the following countries ?
(a) China
(b) Japan
(c) UK
(d) Singapore

27. Which position does India hold in terms of exporter of Jute goods ?
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Fourth
(d) Seventh

28. To which one of the following countries does India export jute goods ?
(a) Japan
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) France

29. Which position does India hold in terms of Sugar production ?
(a) First
(b) Fifth
(c) Second
(d) Third

30. Most of the sugar industries are ideally suited to
(a) Private sector
(b) Joint sector
(c) Cooperative sector
(d) Public sector

31. The first Iron and Steel company was set up at …………
(a) Tarapur
(b) Durgapur
(c) Jamshedpur
(d) Bhadravati

32. The shore based Iron and Steel plant of India is at ……………
(a) Vishakhapatnam
(b) Salem
(c) Bhadravati
(d) Durgapur

33. Which of the two steel plants are in collaboration with Russia?
(a) Bhadravati and Salem
(b) Bhilai and Bokaro
(c) Bokaro and Jamshedpur
(d) Burnpur and Durgapur

34. Which country is the largest producer of Iron and Steel in the world ?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) USA
(d) UK

35. Which is the second most important metallurgical industry in India ?
(a) Iron and Steel
(b) Copper smelting
(c) Aluminium smelting
(d) Cement

36. Which position does India hold in the world in terms of chemical industry ?
(a) Tenth
(b) Third
(c) Twelfth
(d) Second

37. India in the third largest producer of:
(a) Phosphate
(b) Potash
(c) Ammonium Phosphate
(d) Nitrogenous fertilizer

38. To which countries does India export cement ?
(a) America
(b) Europe
(c) Middle East
(d) East Asia

39. Which of the following states have more than one Software Technology Park ?
(a) Tamil Nadu and Kerala
(b) Karnataka and Orissa
(c) Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh
(d) Maharashtra and Karnataka

40. The only Software Technology Park is located in which one of the following north-eastern states.
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Manipur
(c) Mizoram
(d) Assam

41. Iron and Steel industry requires Iron ore, coking coal and limestone in which of the following proportions ?
(a) 2 : 3 : 1
(b) 4 : 2 : 1
(c) 1 : 2 : 3
(d) 2 : 3 : 4

42. Which rank does India hold in terms of crude steel production in the world ?
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Seventh
(d) Ninth

43. The per capita consumption of steel in India is
(a) 50 kg /Annum
(b) 40 kg / Annum
(c) 32 kg/Annum
(d) 20 kg/Annum

44. Which of the following states has more than one Iron and Steel plant ?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) West Bengal
(c) Qcissa
(d) Chhatisgarh

45. To which one of the following countries India has an easy access from Gujarat to export cement ?
(a) Gulf countries
(b) USA
(c) Russia
(d) European counties

46. Which one of the following is not a centre of Automobile industry ?
(a) Chennai
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Jamshedpur
(d) Coimbatore